もくじ
ヴォイニッチ手稿とは?謎に満ちた謎の書籍~Voynich Manuscript

物理屋のもふもふです。今回は僕が興味を持っているヴォイニッチ手稿についての最新研究の解説です。
ヴォイニッチ手稿とは、1912年にヴォイニッチさんがイタリアで発見した古文書で、240ページからなる手書きの文字と絵が描いてあります。
絵は、不思議な絵でこの世のものとは思えないような世界や、植物や動物などが描かれており、人々を魅了してますね。。
文字は、丸っこい謎の文字。
数々の暗号解読者が何が書かれているのか解読しようと挑戦するも、いまだかつて何が書いてあるのかを解読した人はいない。。
第二次世界大戦の時、日本軍の暗号を解いたウィリアムフリードマンなど、名だたる暗号解読者が挑んでも今だに解読できていないんです。
年代測定では1400年代前半に書かれたらしいことがわかってます。
全部のページが見たい人は、イェール大学pdf直リンク(重いので注意)や、「ヴォイニッチ手稿の間」をご参照。
不思議ですね。。


この記事では、ヴォイニッチ手稿の最新の解読結果情報を追記追記していっています。半年に1回くらいはいろんな研究結果が出るのですが、どれもこれも決め手に欠け、完全な解読には至っていないのが現状です。
AIなど最新の技術を駆使して、何とか解読できるのか?そこには何が書かれているのか?
非常に楽しみでずっと最新情報を追っています(笑)
2018年3月 古いトルコ語で書かれているという説が誕生
Gigazinで古いトルコ語で書かれているという説が紹介されました。
機械学習を利用したAIも投入して解読が進められるヴォイニッチ手稿が、古いトルコ語で記載されたものであることをカナダの電気技師が突き止めたと主張しています。世界中の研究者が解読を試み失敗してきたヴォイニッチ手稿の読解に成功したというのはアメット・アーディックさん。カナダ在住の電気技師だとのこと。4年前に初めてヴォイニッチ手稿を目にしたというアーディックさんは、特徴的な文字の中に、接頭語や接尾語を意味する形状を見つけ、パターンが母国で使われるトルコ語に似ていると感じたそうです。
ものすごい根性で調べられていますが…言語学の専門家でもない電気技師が古代ごとの類推で翻訳できるのか?ちょっと疑問があります。
Gigazinのページを見ていると、かなり真剣に研究されているので、この熱意があれば解ける可能性もあるのかな?楽しみではありますが、無理だろうなぁ…。
2018年2月 カナダ研究者がヴォイニッチ手稿をAIで翻訳したらヘブライ語だった?
カナダの研究者2人が、AIを使って挑戦し、解読したと主張しているらしい。
人の研究者は、独自に設計したコンピュータープログラムで手稿に挑んだ。彼らはもともと、手稿は母音を省略した1種の「アルファグラム」、つまり1単語中の文字をアルファベット順に並べ替えたアナグラムと推測していた(例えば、「manuscript」(手稿)はアルファグラムで「acimnprstu」となる)。そこでアルゴリズムを訓練し、言語を変えて書かれた国連の世界人権宣言380種類を解読できるようにした。-ナショナルジオグラフィックより
このAIが、97%の成功率でアナグラムと現在の単語を一致させられた段階で、ボイニッチ手稿の最初の10ページに書かれた文字列を読ませた。アルゴリズムの判断は、暗号化された単語の8割以上がヘブライ語だったというものだった。
これで、言語はおそらく分かった。次は、使われている暗号を読み解く必要がある。そこで、2人はヘブライ語が母語の同僚に冒頭の文を渡したが、意味の通る英語に訳すことはできなかった。他に意見を聞ける学者がいなかったため、2人はGoogle翻訳を使うことにした。多少のスペルミスを直した上で、最初の文はこう読めた。「家長と聖職者、私、そして人々に彼女は勧めた」。奇妙な文だが、確かに意味をなしている。
マジか…ヘブライ語がわからなかったので、Goolge翻訳を使うとは斬新。。よくこんなの発表しましたね。。ほぼがせねたですね。残念。
2017年5月 ロシア研究者が解読したら、英語、スペイン語、ドイツ語、ラテン語を混ぜたものだった?
Jcastニュースより。
スクワのケルディシュ応用数学研究所のチームが見つけたという解読法は、以下のようなものだ。まず、ヴォイニッチ手稿のテキストからまず母音(と思われる文字)と、単語間のスペースを削除する。これを元に、さまざまな言語との比較を行う。そして、得られたデータの構造を分析すると、その正体は英語、ドイツ語、スペイン語、イタリア語、そしていくらかのラテン語を混合したものだった――というのだ
ノストラダムスの大予言の解読のようですね。。この手法使えば、なんにでも解読できてしまいます。ガセネタですね。
ねつ造して、ローマ帝国の皇帝からお金をだまし取るためのものだった?
16世紀に存在した、「カルダーノ・グリル」という暗号作成機をつかうと、ヴォイニッチ手稿の規則性がある文字列を再現できるとの説が2004年の日経サイエンスで紹介されている。
著者による最近の研究によって,16世紀に存在した簡単な道具を使うとヴォイニッチ手稿と似た文書を作り出せることがわかった。「カルダーノ・グリル」と呼ぶ一種の暗号作成器で,1枚のカードにいくつかの穴が開いている。桝目の中に文字や音節を書き込んだ表を作り,その表の上にカルダーノ・グリルをかぶせ,カードの穴を通して見えた部分をつなげて単語を合成していく。
ヴォイニッチ手稿の単語や文章には奇妙な規則性があるが,カルダーノ・グリルを使うと同じ特徴を再現できる。また,できあがった文章は規則性がありながら,無意味な内容となる。
この発見はヴォイニッチ手稿が捏造であることの証明にはならないものの,英国にいたケリー(Edward Kelley)という人物が神聖ローマ帝国皇帝ルドルフ2世から金をだまし取るためにこの文書をでっち上げたとする古くからの説を強く支持するものだ。ケリーは悪名高いウソつきにして魔術師・錬金術師で,カルダーノ・グリルのことをよく知っていた。皇帝は手稿を現在の貨幣価値にして5万ドル相当で買い上げたと伝えられている。-日経サイエンス2004年–
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